Adoption is a legal procedure whereby a child becomes the legal offspring of the adoptive parents, while the bond with the biological parents is terminated.
What does adoption entail?
Adoption means that a child legally becomes the child of the adoptive parents. This entails:
- The child has the same rights as a biological child
- The legal relationship with the original parents lapses
- The child may take the family name of the adoptive parents
- The child becomes the heir of the adoptive parents
Types of adoption
| Category | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| International adoption | Child comes from another country |
| National adoption | Child of Dutch origin is adopted |
| Stepparent adoption | Partner adopts the child of the other partner |
| Adoption of adults | An adult is adopted |
Conditions for adoption
Dutch legislation imposes strict requirements on adoption:
- Adoptive parents must be at least 18 years older than the child
- The child is generally a minor, with some exceptions
- The child must have lived with the adoptive parents for at least 1 year
- Adoption must be clearly in the child's best interest
- No future care from the biological parents may be expected
Steps in the adoption procedure
- Information and preparation phase (for international adoption via Stichting Adoptievoorzieningen)
- Submitting a request to the court
- Investigation by the Child Care and Protection Board
- The judge speaks with all parties involved (including children from 12 years old)
- The judge decides on the adoption
Consent requirements
Approval is required for adoption from:
- The biological parents (if they have parental authority)
- The child itself, if 12 years or older
- The partner of the adopter, if relevant
May single persons adopt a child?
Yes, single persons can adopt in the Netherlands. For international adoption, however, foreign rules may impose additional conditions. Dutch legislation permits adoption by a single person.Is it possible to reverse adoption?
In rare cases, adoption may be revoked. This only happens in exceptional situations and at the request of the child or the adoptive parents. A judge decides on this.Does the child maintain contact with the biological family?
This varies by case. In an open adoption, contact is possible; in a closed adoption, it is not. Nowadays, a form of open adoption with limited contact is often chosen.Frequently asked questions about adoption
How long does an adoption process take on average?
An adoption process usually takes between 6 and 12 months, depending on the situation. International adoptions may take longer due to additional procedures and international coordination. The investigation by the Child Care and Protection Board and the court proceedings play a major role in the duration.
What does adoption cost in the Netherlands?
Costs vary by type of adoption. Domestic adoption costs approximately €1,500 to €5,000 for legal and investigation procedures. International adoption can amount to €10,000-€30,000 due to travel costs and foreign agencies. Stepparent adoption often ranges between €1,000 and €3,000. Always consult the current costs with relevant authorities.
Can I adopt if I already have my own children?
Yes, that is possible. The law does not limit the number of children in a family, but the Child Care and Protection Board assesses whether the adoption is in the interest of all children. They look at the family's capacity in terms of time, space, and resources.
What if the biological parents do not give consent?
If the biological parents with parental authority do not give consent, the judge may dispense with it. This only happens if the parents fail to meet their responsibilities or if the child has lived with the adoptive parents for a long time. The child's best interest always takes precedence.
Does the child automatically get the surname of the adoptive parents?
No, this is a choice. In the adoption request, you can indicate whether the child receives the adoptive parents' surname or retains the original name.
Contact in Leiden:
For legal support, you can go to the Juridisch Loket Leiden, located at Stationsweg 46. Adoption matters are handled by the District Court of The Hague, Leiden location.